oxygen (O2) sensor
what an oxygen (O2) sensor does in general terms. The O2 sensor measures how much oxygen is in the exhaust so the engine control unit can adjust fuel delivery for proper air-fuel mix, helping with fuel economy, emissions control, and engine performance. Upstream sensors (before the catalytic converter) monitor combustion and guide fuel trim; downstream sensors (after the converter) monitor converter efficiency. Faulty O2 sensors can cause poor fuel economy, failed emissions tests, rough idle, or trigger trouble codes like P0420.
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